★ Vuam
Qhov zoo: Muaj zog adaptability rau cov duab geometric; Kev tsim kho yooj yim; Yog tias tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov hla ntu, kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg tuaj yeem ua tiav; Kev sib khi zoo ntawm kev sib txuas thiab kev ua haujlwm siab nruj
Disadvantage: Cov khoom siv siab heev; Nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub cuam tshuam cheeb tsam, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau lub zos hloov khoom siv; Vuam residual kev nyuaj siab thiab residual deformation txo cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv compressed; Vuam qauv yog rhiab heev rau cov kab nrib pleb; Qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txias brittleness yog qhov tseem ceeb dua
★ Riveting
Qhov zoo: Txhim khu kev sib kis tau zoo, zoo toughness thiab plasticity, yooj yim soj ntsuam zoo, thiab zoo ua hauj lwm rau dynamic loads
Disadvantages: complex kev tsim kho, tus nqi siab ntawm steel thiab kev ua haujlwm
★ Ordinary bolt kev twb kev txuas
Qhov zoo: Yooj yim thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm, khoom siv yooj yim
Disadvantage: Thaum cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj qhov tseeb yog tsawg, nws tsis tsim nyog rau sheared; Thaum lub bolt raug siab, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa yog qhov nyuaj, thiab tus nqi siab
★ Lub zog muaj zog bolt txuas
Qhov zoo: Kev sib txhuam hom muaj me me shear deformation thiab zoo elastic kev ua tau zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov qauv nyob rau hauv dynamic loads. Cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm hom siab yog siab dua li ntawm kev sib txhuam, thiab kev sib txuas yog compact
Disadvantages: Kev kho deg kev sib txhuam, me ntsis txoj kev txhim kho, thiab tus nqi siab me ntsis; Lub shear deformation ntawm lub siab bearing kev sib txuas yog loj thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nyob rau hauv cov qauv uas tiv taus dynamic loads.
2, Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txuas welded thiab cov qauv welded
1. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev sib txuas vuam
Piv rau rivet thiab ntsia liaj qhov rooj, kev sib txuas welded muaj cov hauv qab no zoo:
1) Tsis xav tau kev xuas nrig ntaus, txuag kev ua haujlwm thiab sijhawm;
2) Cheebtsam ntawm txhua yam tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha, ua rau kev sib txuas yooj yim;
3) Zoo airtightness thiab dej nruj, siab structural nruj, thiab zoo tag nrho kev ncaj ncees.
Qhov tsis zoo:
1) Muaj cov cua sov ua rau thaj tsam ze ntawm qhov vuam, thiab cov khoom ua nkig;
2) Cov residual kev nyuaj siab ntawm vuam ua rau cov qauv ua rau nkig tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab residual deformation ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov qauv;
3) Thaum vuam tawg tshwm sim, lawv yooj yim nthuav.
2. Feem ntau welding defects:
Kev tawg, qhov pores, vuam tsis tiav, slag inclusion, undercutting, burning, pits, vau, tsis tiav vuam.
3. Welding zoo soj ntsuam:
Vuam seam zoo soj ntsuam txoj kev: kuaj pom, kuaj ultrasonic, kuaj X-ray
Weld zoo kev faib tawm: Thawj theem welds yuav tsum dhau qhov kev kuaj pom, kuaj ultrasonic, thiab kuaj X-ray; Secondary welds yuav tsum tau kuaj pom thiab kuaj ultrasonic kom tsim nyog; Qhov thib peb theem weld seam yuav tsum dhau qhov kev kuaj pom.
3, Vuam seam txuas hom thiab vuam seam hom
1. Weld kev twb kev txuas hom
Raws li tus txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm ntawm ob welded qhov chaw, lawv muab faib mus rau hauv lub tiaj tiaj, lap joint, T (sab saum toj) sib koom, thiab ces kaum sib koom.
2. Weld seam hom
1) Butt welds raug cais raws li kev quab yuam thiab vuam kev taw qhia:
a) Ncaj seam: Cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev siv quab yuam yog orthogonal rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm weld seam
b) Diagonal seam: cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog siv yog diagonally intersecting nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm weld seam
2) Corner welds raug cais raws li lawv qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev taw qhia weld:
a) Xaus seam: Cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog yog perpendicular mus rau qhov ntev ntawm weld seam
b) Sab seam: Cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog siv yog sib npaug mus rau qhov ntev ntawm cov weld seam
3) Raws li qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov vuam seam:
a) Nruam vuam seam: nrog kev ntxhov siab zoo
b) Intermittent welds: yooj yim rau kev ntxhov siab concentration
4) Raws li qhov chaw tsim kho:
Sab saum toj vuam, ntsug vuam, kab rov tav vuam, thiab nyiaj siv ua haujlwm vuam, ntawm cov vuam siv sab saum toj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yog li qhov vuam zoo kuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thaum vuam nyiaj siv ua haujlwm yog qhov phem tshaj.
Cov kev xav tau rau kev npaj thiab kev tsim kho ntawm bolts
1. Yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov kev npaj bolt
1) Lub zog xav tau:
Thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub bolts nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm quab yuam me me dhau lawm, muaj peev xwm ntawm steel shearing los yog tearing (kawg nrug Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 2d0). Thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txhua kab ntawm bolts thiab kab nrug me me dhau lawm, cov khoom yuav raug puas ntsoog raws txoj kab tawg lossis kab ncaj. Rau compressed Cheebtsam, thaum lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj nyob deb ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yog loj heev, bulging thiab qhib phenomena yog nquag tshwm sim ntawm cov sib txuas daim hlau.
2) Kev tsim kho yuav tsum tau ua: txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev xeb los ntawm kev ya raws dej tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab txhawm rau txo qhov siab tshaj plaws torque hauv lub qhov ntsia hlau;
3) Kev tsim kho yuav tsum muaj: txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov
2. Kev npaj ntawm bolts
Kev suav cov bolts zoo tib yam
1. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm bolts
Muab faib los ntawm kev ntxhov siab: shear bolts, tensile bolts, thiab nro shear bolts.
Shear resistant bolts: dais siab tiv thaiv lub qhov phab ntsa thiab xa shear quab yuam los ntawm screws;
Tensile bolt: tso siab rau lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj rau kev nro;
Shear bolt: ib txhij tso siab rau lub bolt rau shear thiab tensile force kis
Bolt tsis ua haujlwm hom
a) Bolt txiav;
b) Hlau phaj qhov phab ntsa compression tsis ua hauj lwm;
c) Cov phaj hlau muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw uas tawg vim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ntsia hlau;
d) Cov phaj hlau yog sheared vim qhov me me ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub qhov ntsia hlau los yog lub qhov ntsia hlau qhov nruab nrab (kawg nrug e3 Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 2d0);
e) Cov ntsia hlau tuaj yeem khoov lossis txiav vim ntev dhau los lossis lub qhov ntsia hlau loj dua li cov ntsia hlau txoj kab uas hla (pawg thickness Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5d);
Ntawm lawv, tom kawg ob hom kev puas tsuaj yog lav los ntawm kev tsim kho, thaum thawj peb hom yuav tsum tau muab xam thiab lav.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib txuas nrog lub zog siab
1. Qib kev ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom siv
Qib Kev Ua Haujlwm: Lub zog muaj zog bolts muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 8.8 thiab 10.9. Cov khoom siv: Cov hlau siv rau qib 8.8 suav nrog 40B steel, 45 steel, thiab 35 steel, thaum cov hlau siv rau qib 10.9 suav nrog 20MnTiB steel thiab 35VB steel. Tus lej ua ntej tus lej lej ntawm theem faib yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile lub zog ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj tom qab kev kho cua sov, thiab tus lej tom qab tus lej lej yog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov muaj zog. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile lub zog ntawm qib 8.8 steel yog fu=800N/mm2, fy/fu=0.8; Qib 10.9 yog fu=1000N/mm2, fy/fu=0.9. Cov qhov siv yog Class II qhov
2. Kev ua haujlwm quab yuam
Kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog siab siab tau muab faib ua kev sib txhuam hom kev sib txuas, compression hom kev sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntsia hlau muaj zog uas tiv taus qhov nro raws li lawv cov kev ntxhov siab. Lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj qauv thiab installation yog yeej ib yam.
Kev sib txhuam hom siab-lub zog bolts: Load yog kis los ntawm kev sib txhuam, thiab qhov kawg bearing muaj peev xwm yog raws li shear force sib npaug rau kev sib txhuam quab yuam. Yog li, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsia hlau thiab lub qhov ntsia hlau tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1.5-20mm. Kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txhuam hom siab-lub zog bolts muaj tsawg deformation, qis bearing muaj peev xwm, thiab zoo qaug zog thiab dynamic load kuj piv rau siab hom high-strength bolts.
Siab bearing bolts high-strength bolts: Cov kev sib txuas cia siab rau shear resistance ntawm cov ntsia hlau thiab lub siab ntawm lub qhov phab ntsa kom xa cov quab yuam, thiab qhov kawg bearing muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj los yog steel phaj. Daim ntawv ua tsis tiav yog zoo ib yam li cov ntsia hlau zoo tib yam, yog li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsia hlau thiab lub qhov ntsia hlau me me, xws li 1.0 txog 1.5mm. Kev sib txuas ntawm lub siab muaj zog bolt muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm loj tab sis loj shear deformation, yog li lawv feem ntau tsuas yog siv rau kev sib txuas hauv cov qauv uas tiv taus cov khoom zoo li qub thiab tsis ncaj qha dynamic loads.
Lub zog muaj zog bolts uas tiv taus qhov nro: Kev sib txuas cia siab rau cov bolts kom dais sab nraud quab yuam nyob rau hauv qhov nro, thiab nws yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej tias cov phaj pawg yog ib txwm compressed thiab tsis rub sib nrug raws li qhov kawg bearing lub xeev.
Pre nro ntawm lub zog bolts
Pre-tensioning method: torque method, angle method, thiab torsion shear method
Txoj kev lub kaum sab xis: Txiav txim siab lub kaum sab xis uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej nruj los ntawm kev sim cov txheej txheem, thiab siv cov kaum sab xis hauv qhov tseeb engineering, uas tsis yog;